# Using _Black_ with Jupyter Notebooks

_Black_ supports formatting Jupyter Notebooks (`.ipynb` files) natively.

## Installation

To format Jupyter Notebooks, install _Black_ with the `jupyter` extra:

```sh
pip install "black[jupyter]"
```

```{note}
Without the `jupyter` extra, _Black_ will not be able to format `.ipynb` files.
```

## Basic usage

Once installed, you can format notebooks the same way you format Python files:

```sh
black notebook.ipynb
```

You can also format entire directories containing a mix of `.py` and `.ipynb` files:

```sh
black .
```

_Black_ will automatically detect Jupyter Notebooks by their `.ipynb` extension and
format them accordingly.

### Formatting via standard input

If you're piping notebook content on standard input, use the `--ipynb` flag to tell
_Black_ to treat the input as a Jupyter Notebook:

```sh
cat notebook.ipynb | black --ipynb -
```

## What is (and isn't) formatted

_Black_ formats the Python code cells in your notebook while preserving:

- Markdown cells
- Cell outputs
- Cell metadata
- Notebook metadata

Only the source code within Python code cells is reformatted.

### Cells that _Black_ will skip

_Black_ is cautious about formatting notebook cells. The following cells will **not** be
formatted:

- **Automagics** — e.g. `pip install black` (without the `%` prefix)
- **Non-Python cell magics** — e.g.:
  ```python
  %%writefile script.py
  print("hello")
  ```
- **Multiline magics** — e.g.:
  ```python
  %timeit f(1, \
          2, \
          3)
  ```
- **IPython internal calls** — code that `IPython`'s `TransformerManager` would
  transform, e.g.:
  ```python
  get_ipython().system('ls')
  ```
- **Invalid syntax** — as it cannot be safely distinguished from automagics without a
  running IPython kernel.

If you notice a cell is not being formatted, it is likely because it contains one of the
above constructs.

Additionally, _Black_ cannot format Jupyter Notebooks with the `--line-ranges` option.

### Cell magics

_Black_ understands IPython magics, but is conservative about which cells it will
format. By default, _Black_ recognizes standard IPython magics.

#### Custom python cell magics

If you use custom cell magics that contain Python code, you can tell _Black_ about them
using the `--python-cell-magics` flag:

```sh
black --python-cell-magics writefile notebook.ipynb
```

This also works in `pyproject.toml`:

```toml
[tool.black]
python-cell-magics = ["writefile", "my_custom_magic"]
```

## Integrations

### pre-commit

Simply replace the `black` hook with `black-jupyter`.

```yaml
repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
    rev: 26.5.1
    hooks:
      - id: black-jupyter
        language_version: python3.11
```

See the [source version control integration](../integrations/source_version_control.md)
docs for more examples of using Black with pre-commit.

### GitHub Actions

Set the `jupyter` option to `true`.

```yaml
- uses: psf/black@stable
  with:
    jupyter: true
```

See the [GitHub Actions integration](../integrations/source_version_control.md) docs for
more examples of using Black with GitHub Actions.
