input check help!

[bntayfur]

Hello, i am new to Python so i couldn't figure out how to check the input.

I want to get an input from the user(integer or float) and want to give an error message when it enters anything else(letter or any special character).

So far i know this works for the integer:

while True :    

    try:
        x = int(input('please enter an integer: '))
        print(x)
        break
    
    except ValueError: 
       print('not valid')

First can someone please explain the logic of this. I didn't understand it thoroughly.

But if i want it to accept decimal numbers as well integers what should i write? (very basically cause i am new)

Here are some of the things i tried which none of them worked.
1)

radius= input("enter a number: ")
if isinstance(radius,float): 
    print(radius)
elif isinstance (radius,int):
    print(radius)
else:    
    print("Not a number")

2)

radius= input("enter number: ")
if isinstance(radius,numbers.Real): 
    print(radius)
    else:
        print("not number")

3)

radius= input("enter number: ")
  if type(radius) in (float,int):
    print(radius)
  else:
    print("not a number")

4)

x=input('please enter integer: ')
if type(x) is int:
    print(x)

elif type(x) is float:
    print(x)
    
else:
    print('error')

5)

x=input('please enter integer: ')

if not type(x) is int: 
    raise TypeError('only numbers allowed')

[bowlofred]

Instead of x=int(...) (which tries to interpret the input string as an integer), you could just do x=float(...). That will accept integers as well as floating-point numbers.

[bntayfur]

Thanks! for the first one it works, but what is wrong with the others?

[bowlofred]

Whenever you input something like

x = input()

Then the variable (x in this case) is always a string. In some of your other examples you're asking if it's a float, or an instance of a float, etc. It will never be. The contents might look like an integer, but the variable remains a string. You can attempt to cast that value it to a int or something else:

x = input()
i = int(x)

But of course that can fail if the input text has characters in it. What your first one does is try to cast it this way, and print a message if that fails.

x = input()
try:
    i = int(x)
    [do stuff here with your int...]
except ValueError:
    # Ooops, something in the try section failed with a valueerror.  That likely
    # means the string didn't look like an int.  We can complain here, and maybe
    # loop to retry.
    print(f"The input {x} doesn't seem to be a number. I don't know what to do with it.")