python · vstinner · Nov 2, 2017 · Oct 13, 2017
diff --git a/Doc/library/time.rst b/Doc/library/time.rst
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ Functions
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
-.. function:: clock_gettime(clk_id)
+.. function:: clock_gettime(clk_id) -> float
 
    Return the time of the specified clock *clk_id*.  Refer to
    :ref:`time-clock-id-constants` for a list of accepted values for *clk_id*.
@@ -195,7 +195,16 @@ Functions
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
-.. function:: clock_settime(clk_id, time)
+.. function:: clock_gettime_ns(clk_id) -> int
+
+   Similar to :func:`clock_gettime` but return time as nanoseconds.
+
+   Availability: Unix.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.7
+
+
+.. function:: clock_settime(clk_id, time: float)
 
    Set the time of the specified clock *clk_id*.  Currently,
    :data:`CLOCK_REALTIME` is the only accepted value for *clk_id*.
@@ -205,6 +214,15 @@ Functions
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
+.. function:: clock_settime_ns(clk_id, time: int)
+
+   Similar to :func:`clock_settime` but set time with nanoseconds.
+
+   Availability: Unix.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.7
+
+
 .. function:: ctime([secs])
 
    Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a string representing
@@ -267,7 +285,7 @@ Functions
    The earliest date for which it can generate a time is platform-dependent.
 
 
-.. function:: monotonic()
+.. function:: monotonic() -> float
 
    Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a monotonic clock, i.e. a clock
    that cannot go backwards.  The clock is not affected by system clock updates.
@@ -287,7 +305,13 @@ Functions
       The function is now always available.
 
 
-.. function:: perf_counter()
+.. function:: monotonic_ns() -> int
+
+   Similar to :func:`monotonic`, but return time as nanoseconds.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.7
+
+.. function:: perf_counter() -> float
 
    .. index::
       single: benchmarking
@@ -300,8 +324,14 @@ Functions
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
+.. function:: perf_counter_ns() -> int
+
+   Similar to :func:`perf_counter`, but return time as nanoseconds.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.7
 
-.. function:: process_time()
+
+.. function:: process_time() -> float
 
    .. index::
       single: CPU time
@@ -316,6 +346,12 @@ Functions
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
+.. function:: process_time_ns() -> int
+
+   Similar to :func:`process_time` but return time as nanoseconds.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.7
+
 .. function:: sleep(secs)
 
    Suspend execution of the calling thread for the given number of seconds.
@@ -541,7 +577,7 @@ Functions
    :class:`struct_time`, or having elements of the wrong type, a
    :exc:`TypeError` is raised.
 
-.. function:: time()
+.. function:: time() -> float
 
    Return the time in seconds since the epoch_ as a floating point
    number. The specific date of the epoch and the handling of
@@ -567,6 +603,13 @@ Functions
    of the calendar date may be accessed as attributes.
 
 
+.. function:: time_ns() -> int
+
+   Similar to :func:`time` but returns time as an integer number of nanoseconds
+   since the epoch_.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.7
+
 .. function:: tzset()
 
    Reset the time conversion rules used by the library routines. The environment

diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
@@ -159,6 +159,32 @@ effort will be made to add such support.
        PEP written by Erik M. Bray; implementation by Masayuki Yamamoto.
 
 
+PEP 564: Add new time functions with nanosecond resolution
+----------------------------------------------------------
+
+Add six new "nanosecond" variants of existing functions to the :mod:`time`
+module:
+
+* :func:`time.clock_gettime_ns`
+* :func:`time.clock_settime_ns`
+* :func:`time.monotonic_ns`
+* :func:`time.perf_counter_ns`
+* :func:`time.process_time_ns`
+* :func:`time.time_ns`
+
+While similar to the existing functions without the ``_ns`` suffix, they
+provide nanosecond resolution: they return a number of nanoseconds as a Python
+``int``.
+
+The ``time.time_ns()`` resolution is 3 times better than the ``time.time()``
+resolution on Linux and Windows.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+    :pep:`564` -- Add new time functions with nanosecond resolution
+       PEP written and implemented by Victor Stinner
+
+
 Other Language Changes
 ======================
 
@@ -313,6 +339,15 @@ separately.  (Contributed by Barry Warsaw in :issue:`1198569`.)
 time
 ----
 
+The :pep:`564` added six new functions with nanosecond resolution:
+
+* :func:`time.clock_gettime_ns`
+* :func:`time.clock_settime_ns`
+* :func:`time.monotonic_ns`
+* :func:`time.perf_counter_ns`
+* :func:`time.process_time_ns`
+* :func:`time.time_ns`
+
 Add new clock identifiers:
 
 * :data:`time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME` (Linux): Identical to

diff --git a/Include/pytime.h b/Include/pytime.h
@@ -85,7 +85,11 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_FromSeconds(int seconds);
             ((_PyTime_t)(seconds) * (1000 * 1000 * 1000))
 
 /* Create a timestamp from a number of nanoseconds. */
-PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_FromNanoseconds(long long ns);
+PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_FromNanoseconds(_PyTime_t ns);
+
+/* Create a timestamp from nanoseconds (Python int). */
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyTime_FromNanosecondsObject(_PyTime_t *t,
+    PyObject *obj);
 
 /* Convert a number of seconds (Python float or int) to a timetamp.
    Raise an exception and return -1 on error, return 0 on success. */
@@ -114,6 +118,10 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_AsMicroseconds(_PyTime_t t,
    object. */
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyTime_AsNanosecondsObject(_PyTime_t t);
 
+/* Create a timestamp from a timeval structure.
+   Raise an exception and return -1 on overflow, return 0 on success. */
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyTime_FromTimeval(_PyTime_t *tp, struct timeval *tv);
+
 /* Convert a timestamp to a timeval structure (microsecond resolution).
    tv_usec is always positive.
    Raise an exception and return -1 if the conversion overflowed,
@@ -140,12 +148,22 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyTime_AsTimevalTime_t(
     _PyTime_round_t round);
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) || defined(HAVE_KQUEUE)
+/* Create a timestamp from a timespec structure.
+   Raise an exception and return -1 on overflow, return 0 on success. */
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyTime_FromTimespec(_PyTime_t *tp, struct timespec *ts);
+
 /* Convert a timestamp to a timespec structure (nanosecond resolution).
    tv_nsec is always positive.
    Raise an exception and return -1 on error, return 0 on success. */
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyTime_AsTimespec(_PyTime_t t, struct timespec *ts);
 #endif
 
+/* Compute ticks * mul / div.
+   The caller must ensure that ((div - 1) * mul) cannot overflow. */
+PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_MulDiv(_PyTime_t ticks,
+    _PyTime_t mul,
+    _PyTime_t div);
+
 /* Get the current time from the system clock.
 
    The function cannot fail. _PyTime_Init() ensures that the system clock

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_os.py b/Lib/test/test_os.py
@@ -3549,6 +3549,23 @@ def test_bad_pathlike(self):
         self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.fspath,
                           _PathLike(ZeroDivisionError()))
 
+
+class TimesTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_times(self):
+        times = os.times()
+        self.assertIsInstance(times, os.times_result)
+
+        for field in ('user', 'system', 'children_user', 'children_system',
+                      'elapsed'):
+            value = getattr(times, field)
+            self.assertIsInstance(value, float)
+
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            self.assertEqual(times.children_user, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(times.children_system, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(times.elapsed, 0)
+
+
 # Only test if the C version is provided, otherwise TestPEP519 already tested
 # the pure Python implementation.
 if hasattr(os, "_fspath"):

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_time.py b/Lib/test/test_time.py
@@ -64,6 +64,27 @@ def test_time(self):
         self.assertFalse(info.monotonic)
         self.assertTrue(info.adjustable)
 
+    def test_time_ns_type(self):
+        def check_ns(sec, ns):
+            self.assertIsInstance(ns, int)
+
+            sec_ns = int(sec * 1e9)
+            # tolerate a difference of 50 ms
+            self.assertLess((sec_ns - ns), 50 ** 6, (sec, ns))
+
+        check_ns(time.time(),
+                 time.time_ns())
+        check_ns(time.monotonic(),
+                 time.monotonic_ns())
+        check_ns(time.perf_counter(),
+                 time.perf_counter_ns())
+        check_ns(time.process_time(),
+                 time.process_time_ns())
+
+        if hasattr(time, 'clock_gettime'):
+            check_ns(time.clock_gettime(time.CLOCK_REALTIME),
+                     time.clock_gettime_ns(time.CLOCK_REALTIME))
+
     def test_clock(self):
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
             time.clock()
@@ -76,7 +97,8 @@ def test_clock(self):
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(time, 'clock_gettime'),
                          'need time.clock_gettime()')
     def test_clock_realtime(self):
-        time.clock_gettime(time.CLOCK_REALTIME)
+        t = time.clock_gettime(time.CLOCK_REALTIME)
+        self.assertIsInstance(t, float)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(time, 'clock_gettime'),
                          'need time.clock_gettime()')

diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2017-10-13-23-35-47.bpo-31784.6e57bd.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2017-10-13-23-35-47.bpo-31784.6e57bd.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Implement the :pep:`564`, add new 6 new functions with nanosecond resolution to
+the :mod:`time` module: :func:`~time.clock_gettime_ns`,
+:func:`~time.clock_settime_ns`, :func:`~time.monotonic_ns`,
+:func:`~time.perf_counter_ns`, :func:`~time.process_time_ns`,
+:func:`~time.time_ns`.