Mailman 3 জানুয়ারি 2004 - Python-Dev

PEP 1, PEP Purpose and Guidelines
by barry＠zope.com 18 মে, 2021

18 মে, 2021

It has been a while since I posted a copy of PEP 1 to the mailing lists and newsgroups. I've recently done some updating of a few sections, so in the interest of gaining wider community participation in the Python development process, I'm posting the latest revision of PEP 1 here. A version of the PEP is always available on-line at http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0001.html Enjoy, -Barry -------------------- snip snip -------------------- PEP: 1 Title: PEP Purpose and Guidelines Version: $Revision: 1.36 $ Last-Modified: $Date: 2002/07/29 18:34:59 $ Author: Barry A. Warsaw, Jeremy Hylton Status: Active Type: Informational Created: 13-Jun-2000 Post-History: 21-Mar-2001, 29-Jul-2002 What is a PEP? PEP stands for Python Enhancement Proposal. A PEP is a design document providing information to the Python community, or describing a new feature for Python. The PEP should provide a concise technical specification of the feature and a rationale for the feature. We intend PEPs to be the primary mechanisms for proposing new features, for collecting community input on an issue, and for documenting the design decisions that have gone into Python. The PEP author is responsible for building consensus within the community and documenting dissenting opinions. Because the PEPs are maintained as plain text files under CVS control, their revision history is the historical record of the feature proposal[1]. Kinds of PEPs There are two kinds of PEPs. A standards track PEP describes a new feature or implementation for Python. An informational PEP describes a Python design issue, or provides general guidelines or information to the Python community, but does not propose a new feature. Informational PEPs do not necessarily represent a Python community consensus or recommendation, so users and implementors are free to ignore informational PEPs or follow their advice. PEP Work Flow The PEP editor, Barry Warsaw <peps(a)python.org>, assigns numbers for each PEP and changes its status. The PEP process begins with a new idea for Python. It is highly recommended that a single PEP contain a single key proposal or new idea. The more focussed the PEP, the more successfully it tends to be. The PEP editor reserves the right to reject PEP proposals if they appear too unfocussed or too broad. If in doubt, split your PEP into several well-focussed ones. Each PEP must have a champion -- someone who writes the PEP using the style and format described below, shepherds the discussions in the appropriate forums, and attempts to build community consensus around the idea. The PEP champion (a.k.a. Author) should first attempt to ascertain whether the idea is PEP-able. Small enhancements or patches often don't need a PEP and can be injected into the Python development work flow with a patch submission to the SourceForge patch manager[2] or feature request tracker[3]. The PEP champion then emails the PEP editor <peps(a)python.org> with a proposed title and a rough, but fleshed out, draft of the PEP. This draft must be written in PEP style as described below. If the PEP editor approves, he will assign the PEP a number, label it as standards track or informational, give it status 'draft', and create and check-in the initial draft of the PEP. The PEP editor will not unreasonably deny a PEP. Reasons for denying PEP status include duplication of effort, being technically unsound, not providing proper motivation or addressing backwards compatibility, or not in keeping with the Python philosophy. The BDFL (Benevolent Dictator for Life, Guido van Rossum) can be consulted during the approval phase, and is the final arbitrator of the draft's PEP-ability. If a pre-PEP is rejected, the author may elect to take the pre-PEP to the comp.lang.python newsgroup (a.k.a. python-list(a)python.org mailing list) to help flesh it out, gain feedback and consensus from the community at large, and improve the PEP for re-submission. The author of the PEP is then responsible for posting the PEP to the community forums, and marshaling community support for it. As updates are necessary, the PEP author can check in new versions if they have CVS commit permissions, or can email new PEP versions to the PEP editor for committing. Standards track PEPs consists of two parts, a design document and a reference implementation. The PEP should be reviewed and accepted before a reference implementation is begun, unless a reference implementation will aid people in studying the PEP. Standards Track PEPs must include an implementation - in the form of code, patch, or URL to same - before it can be considered Final. PEP authors are responsible for collecting community feedback on a PEP before submitting it for review. A PEP that has not been discussed on python-list(a)python.org and/or python-dev(a)python.org will not be accepted. However, wherever possible, long open-ended discussions on public mailing lists should be avoided. Strategies to keep the discussions efficient include, setting up a separate SIG mailing list for the topic, having the PEP author accept private comments in the early design phases, etc. PEP authors should use their discretion here. Once the authors have completed a PEP, they must inform the PEP editor that it is ready for review. PEPs are reviewed by the BDFL and his chosen consultants, who may accept or reject a PEP or send it back to the author(s) for revision. Once a PEP has been accepted, the reference implementation must be completed. When the reference implementation is complete and accepted by the BDFL, the status will be changed to `Final.' A PEP can also be assigned status `Deferred.' The PEP author or editor can assign the PEP this status when no progress is being made on the PEP. Once a PEP is deferred, the PEP editor can re-assign it to draft status. A PEP can also be `Rejected'. Perhaps after all is said and done it was not a good idea. It is still important to have a record of this fact. PEPs can also be replaced by a different PEP, rendering the original obsolete. This is intended for Informational PEPs, where version 2 of an API can replace version 1. PEP work flow is as follows: Draft -> Accepted -> Final -> Replaced ^ +----> Rejected v Deferred Some informational PEPs may also have a status of `Active' if they are never meant to be completed. E.g. PEP 1. What belongs in a successful PEP? Each PEP should have the following parts: 1. Preamble -- RFC822 style headers containing meta-data about the PEP, including the PEP number, a short descriptive title (limited to a maximum of 44 characters), the names, and optionally the contact info for each author, etc. 2. Abstract -- a short (~200 word) description of the technical issue being addressed. 3. Copyright/public domain -- Each PEP must either be explicitly labelled as placed in the public domain (see this PEP as an example) or licensed under the Open Publication License[4]. 4. Specification -- The technical specification should describe the syntax and semantics of any new language feature. The specification should be detailed enough to allow competing, interoperable implementations for any of the current Python platforms (CPython, JPython, Python .NET). 5. Motivation -- The motivation is critical for PEPs that want to change the Python language. It should clearly explain why the existing language specification is inadequate to address the problem that the PEP solves. PEP submissions without sufficient motivation may be rejected outright. 6. Rationale -- The rationale fleshes out the specification by describing what motivated the design and why particular design decisions were made. It should describe alternate designs that were considered and related work, e.g. how the feature is supported in other languages. The rationale should provide evidence of consensus within the community and discuss important objections or concerns raised during discussion. 7. Backwards Compatibility -- All PEPs that introduce backwards incompatibilities must include a section describing these incompatibilities and their severity. The PEP must explain how the author proposes to deal with these incompatibilities. PEP submissions without a sufficient backwards compatibility treatise may be rejected outright. 8. Reference Implementation -- The reference implementation must be completed before any PEP is given status 'Final,' but it need not be completed before the PEP is accepted. It is better to finish the specification and rationale first and reach consensus on it before writing code. The final implementation must include test code and documentation appropriate for either the Python language reference or the standard library reference. PEP Template PEPs are written in plain ASCII text, and should adhere to a rigid style. There is a Python script that parses this style and converts the plain text PEP to HTML for viewing on the web[5]. PEP 9 contains a boilerplate[7] template you can use to get started writing your PEP. Each PEP must begin with an RFC822 style header preamble. The headers must appear in the following order. Headers marked with `*' are optional and are described below. All other headers are required. PEP: <pep number> Title: <pep title> Version: <cvs version string> Last-Modified: <cvs date string> Author: <list of authors' real names and optionally, email addrs> * Discussions-To: <email address> Status: <Draft | Active | Accepted | Deferred | Final | Replaced> Type: <Informational | Standards Track> * Requires: <pep numbers> Created: <date created on, in dd-mmm-yyyy format> * Python-Version: <version number> Post-History: <dates of postings to python-list and python-dev> * Replaces: <pep number> * Replaced-By: <pep number> The Author: header lists the names and optionally, the email addresses of all the authors/owners of the PEP. The format of the author entry should be address(a)dom.ain (Random J. User) if the email address is included, and just Random J. User if the address is not given. If there are multiple authors, each should be on a separate line following RFC 822 continuation line conventions. Note that personal email addresses in PEPs will be obscured as a defense against spam harvesters. Standards track PEPs must have a Python-Version: header which indicates the version of Python that the feature will be released with. Informational PEPs do not need a Python-Version: header. While a PEP is in private discussions (usually during the initial Draft phase), a Discussions-To: header will indicate the mailing list or URL where the PEP is being discussed. No Discussions-To: header is necessary if the PEP is being discussed privately with the author, or on the python-list or python-dev email mailing lists. Note that email addresses in the Discussions-To: header will not be obscured. Created: records the date that the PEP was assigned a number, while Post-History: is used to record the dates of when new versions of the PEP are posted to python-list and/or python-dev. Both headers should be in dd-mmm-yyyy format, e.g. 14-Aug-2001. PEPs may have a Requires: header, indicating the PEP numbers that this PEP depends on. PEPs may also have a Replaced-By: header indicating that a PEP has been rendered obsolete by a later document; the value is the number of the PEP that replaces the current document. The newer PEP must have a Replaces: header containing the number of the PEP that it rendered obsolete. PEP Formatting Requirements PEP headings must begin in column zero and the initial letter of each word must be capitalized as in book titles. Acronyms should be in all capitals. The body of each section must be indented 4 spaces. Code samples inside body sections should be indented a further 4 spaces, and other indentation can be used as required to make the text readable. You must use two blank lines between the last line of a section's body and the next section heading. You must adhere to the Emacs convention of adding two spaces at the end of every sentence. You should fill your paragraphs to column 70, but under no circumstances should your lines extend past column 79. If your code samples spill over column 79, you should rewrite them. Tab characters must never appear in the document at all. A PEP should include the standard Emacs stanza included by example at the bottom of this PEP. A PEP must contain a Copyright section, and it is strongly recommended to put the PEP in the public domain. When referencing an external web page in the body of a PEP, you should include the title of the page in the text, with a footnote reference to the URL. Do not include the URL in the body text of the PEP. E.g. Refer to the Python Language web site [1] for more details. ... [1] http://www.python.org When referring to another PEP, include the PEP number in the body text, such as "PEP 1". The title may optionally appear. Add a footnote reference that includes the PEP's title and author. It may optionally include the explicit URL on a separate line, but only in the References section. Note that the pep2html.py script will calculate URLs automatically, e.g.: ... Refer to PEP 1 [7] for more information about PEP style ... References [7] PEP 1, PEP Purpose and Guidelines, Warsaw, Hylton http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0001.html If you decide to provide an explicit URL for a PEP, please use this as the URL template: http://www.python.org/peps/pep-xxxx.html PEP numbers in URLs must be padded with zeros from the left, so as to be exactly 4 characters wide, however PEP numbers in text are never padded. Reporting PEP Bugs, or Submitting PEP Updates How you report a bug, or submit a PEP update depends on several factors, such as the maturity of the PEP, the preferences of the PEP author, and the nature of your comments. For the early draft stages of the PEP, it's probably best to send your comments and changes directly to the PEP author. For more mature, or finished PEPs you may want to submit corrections to the SourceForge bug manager[6] or better yet, the SourceForge patch manager[2] so that your changes don't get lost. If the PEP author is a SF developer, assign the bug/patch to him, otherwise assign it to the PEP editor. When in doubt about where to send your changes, please check first with the PEP author and/or PEP editor. PEP authors who are also SF committers, can update the PEPs themselves by using "cvs commit" to commit their changes. Remember to also push the formatted PEP text out to the web by doing the following: % python pep2html.py -i NUM where NUM is the number of the PEP you want to push out. See % python pep2html.py --help for details. Transferring PEP Ownership It occasionally becomes necessary to transfer ownership of PEPs to a new champion. In general, we'd like to retain the original author as a co-author of the transferred PEP, but that's really up to the original author. A good reason to transfer ownership is because the original author no longer has the time or interest in updating it or following through with the PEP process, or has fallen off the face of the 'net (i.e. is unreachable or not responding to email). A bad reason to transfer ownership is because you don't agree with the direction of the PEP. We try to build consensus around a PEP, but if that's not possible, you can always submit a competing PEP. If you are interested assuming ownership of a PEP, send a message asking to take over, addressed to both the original author and the PEP editor <peps(a)python.org>. If the original author doesn't respond to email in a timely manner, the PEP editor will make a unilateral decision (it's not like such decisions can be reversed. :). References and Footnotes [1] This historical record is available by the normal CVS commands for retrieving older revisions. For those without direct access to the CVS tree, you can browse the current and past PEP revisions via the SourceForge web site at http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/python/nondist/peps/?cvsroot=… [2] http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470&atid=305470 [3] http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=355470&group_id=5470&func=browse [4] http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/ [5] The script referred to here is pep2html.py, which lives in the same directory in the CVS tree as the PEPs themselves. Try "pep2html.py --help" for details. The URL for viewing PEPs on the web is http://www.python.org/peps/ [6] http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470&atid=305470 [7] PEP 9, Sample PEP Template http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0009.html Copyright This document has been placed in the public domain. Local Variables: mode: indented-text indent-tabs-mode: nil sentence-end-double-space: t fill-column: 70 End:

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RE: [Python-Dev] Those import related syntax errors again...
by Samuele Pedroni 23 ফেব্রুয়ারি, 2005

23 ফেব্রুয়ারি, 2005

Hi. [Mark Hammond] > The point isn't about my suffering as such. The point is more that > python-dev owns a tiny amount of the code out there, and I don't believe we > should put Python's users through this. > > Sure - I would be happy to "upgrade" all the win32all code, no problem. I > am also happy to live in the bleeding edge and take some pain that will > cause. > > The issue is simply the user base, and giving Python a reputation of not > being able to painlessly upgrade even dot revisions. I agree with all this. [As I imagined explicit syntax did not catch up and would require lot of discussions.] [GvR] > > Another way is to use special rules > > (similar to those for class defs), e.g. having > > > > <frag> > > y=3 > > def f(): > > exec "y=2" > > def g(): > > return y > > return g() > > > > print f() > > </frag> > > > > # print 3. > > > > Is that confusing for users? maybe they will more naturally expect 2 > > as outcome (given nested scopes). > > This seems the best compromise to me. It will lead to the least > broken code, because this is the behavior that we had before nested > scopes! It is also quite easy to implement given the current > implementation, I believe. > > Maybe we could introduce a warning rather than an error for this > situation though, because even if this behavior is clearly documented, > it will still be confusing to some, so it is better if we outlaw it in > some future version. > Yes this can be easy to implement but more confusing situations can arise: <frag> y=3 def f(): y=9 exec "y=2" def g(): return y return y,g() print f() </frag> What should this print? the situation leads not to a canonical solution as class def scopes. or <frag> def f(): from foo import * def g(): return y return g() print f() </frag> [Mark Hammond] > > This probably won't be a very popular suggestion, but how about pulling > > nested scopes (I assume they are at the root of the problem) > > until this can be solved cleanly? > > Agreed. While I think nested scopes are kinda cool, I have lived without > them, and really without missing them, for years. At the moment the cure > appears worse then the symptoms in at least a few cases. If nothing else, > it compromises the elegant simplicity of Python that drew me here in the > first place! > > Assuming that people really _do_ want this feature, IMO the bar should be > raised so there are _zero_ backward compatibility issues. I don't say anything about pulling nested scopes (I don't think my opinion can change things in this respect) but I should insist that without explicit syntax IMO raising the bar has a too high impl cost (both performance and complexity) or creates confusion. [Andrew Kuchling] > >Assuming that people really _do_ want this feature, IMO the bar should be > >raised so there are _zero_ backward compatibility issues. > > Even at the cost of additional implementation complexity? At the cost > of having to learn "scopes are nested, unless you do these two things > in which case they're not"? > > Let's not waffle. If nested scopes are worth doing, they're worth > breaking code. Either leave exec and from..import illegal, or back > out nested scopes, or think of some better solution, but let's not > introduce complicated backward compatibility hacks. IMO breaking code would be ok if we issue warnings today and implement nested scopes issuing errors tomorrow. But this is simply a statement about principles and raised impression. IMO import * in an inner scope should end up being an error, not sure about 'exec's. We will need a final BDFL statement. regards, Samuele Pedroni.

18 78

Can we please have a better dict interpolation syntax?
by Greg Ewing 13 জুলাই, 2004

13 জুলাই, 2004

I have just had the experience of writing a bunch of expressions of the form "create index %(table)s_lid1_idx on %(table)s(%(lid1)s)" % params and found myself getting quite confused by all the parentheses and "s" suffixes. I would *really* like to be able to write this as "create index %{table}_lid1_idx on %{table}(%{lid1})" % params which I find to be much easier on the eyes. Greg Ewing, Computer Science Dept, +--------------------------------------+ University of Canterbury, | A citizen of NewZealandCorp, a | Christchurch, New Zealand | wholly-owned subsidiary of USA Inc. | greg(a)cosc.canterbury.ac.nz +--------------------------------------+

8 20

Does anybody really use frame->f_tstate ?
by Christian Tismer 29 মার্চ, 2004

29 মার্চ, 2004

Hi colleagues, this is my second attempt to get rid of the f_tstate field in frames. I need to find every user of this field. What am I talking about? Well, Python always has a thread state variable which is a unique handle to the current thread. This variable is accessed in many places, and there exists a fast macro to get at it. Every executing Python frame also gets a copy on creation. In some cases, this frame->f_tstate field is used, in other cases the current tstate variable is used. If this sounds foreign to you, please stop reading here. ------------------------------------------------------------- I would like to get rid of the frame->f_tstate, and I'm trying to find out if there is a need for it. I don't need it, for Stackless, it is the opposite, it disturbs. There was a small thread about this in June this year, where Guido convinced me that it is possible to create a traceback on a frame that comes from a different thread. http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2003-June/036254.html Ok, this is in fact possible, although I don't think anybody has a need for this. My question to all extension writers is this: If you use frame->f_tstate at all, do you use it just because it is handy, or do you want to use it for some other purpose? One purpose could be that you really want to create a traceback on a different than the current thread. I have never seen this, but who knows, so that's why I'm asking the Python world. In most cases, a traceback will be created on a frame that is currently processd or just has been processed. Accessing a frame of a different thread that is being processed might make sense for special debugger cases. My proposal is -------------- a) change semantics of PytraceBack_Here to use the current tstate. b) if such a special purpose exists, create a new function for it. c) if urgent, different needs exist to keep f_tstate, then let's forget about this proposal. Especially for Stackless, I'd be keen of getting rid of this. thanks for input -- chris -- Christian Tismer :^) <mailto:tismer@tismer.com> Mission Impossible 5oftware : Have a break! Take a ride on Python's Johannes-Niemeyer-Weg 9a : *Starship* http://starship.python.net/ 14109 Berlin : PGP key -> http://wwwkeys.pgp.net/ work +49 30 89 09 53 34 home +49 30 802 86 56 mobile +49 173 24 18 776 PGP 0x57F3BF04 9064 F4E1 D754 C2FF 1619 305B C09C 5A3B 57F3 BF04 whom do you want to sponsor today? http://www.stackless.com/

7 21

Draft: PEP for imports
by Aahz 16 মার্চ, 2004

16 মার্চ, 2004

Here's the draft PEP for imports. I'll wait a few days for comments before sending to the PEPmeister. PEP: XXX Title: Imports: multi-line and absolute/relative Version: Last-Modified: Author: Aahz <aahz(a)pythoncraft.com Status: Draft Type: Standards Track Python-Version: 2.4 Content-Type: text/x-rst Created: 21-Dec-2003 Post-History: Abstract ======== The ``import`` statement has two problems: * Long ``import`` statements can be difficult to write, requiring various contortions to fit Pythonic style guidelines. * Imports can be ambiguous in the face of packages; within a package, it's not clear whether ``import foo`` refers to a module within the package or some module outside the package. For the first problem, it is proposed that parentheses be permitted to surround names, thus allowing Python's standard mechanisms for multi-line values to apply. For the second problem, it is proposed that all ``import`` statements be absolute by default (more precisely, relative to ``sys.path``) with special syntax for accessing package-relative imports. Rationale for parentheses ========================= Currently, if you want to import a lot of names from a module or package, you have to choose one of several unpalatable options: * Write a long line with backslash continuations: :: from Tkinter import Tk, Frame, Button, Entry, Canvas, Text \ LEFT, DISABLED, NORMAL, RIDGE, END * Write multiple ``import`` statements: :: from Tkinter import Tk, Frame, Button, Entry, Canvas, Text from Tkinter import LEFT, DISABLED, NORMAL, RIDGE, END (``import *`` is *not* an option ;-) Instead, it should be possible to use Python's standard grouping mechanism (parentheses) to write the ``import`` statement:: from Tkinter import ( Tk, Frame, Button, Entry, Canvas, Text LEFT, DISABLED, NORMAL, RIDGE, END ) This part of the proposal already has BDFL approval. Rationale for absolute imports ============================== In current Python, if you're reading a module located inside a package, it is not clear whether :: import foo refers to a top-level module or another module inside the package. To resolve the ambiguity, it is proposed that ``foo`` will always be a module or package reachable from ``sys.path``. Because this represents a change in semantics, absolute imports will be optional in Python 2.4 through the use of :: from __future__ import absolute_import This PEP will be updated when it is decided to make absolute imports the default, probably Python 2.5 or 2.6. This part of the proposal already has BDFL approval. Rationale for relative imports ============================== With the shift to absolute imports, the question arose whether relative imports should be allowed at all. Several use cases were presented, the most important of which is being able to rearrange the structure of large packages without having to edit sub-packages. Guido approved of the idea of relative imports, but there has been a lot of disagreement on the spelling (syntax). There does seem to be agreement that relative imports will require listing specific names to import (that is, ``import foo`` as a bare term will always be an absolute import). Here are the contenders: * One from Guido: :: from .foo import and :: from ...foo import These two forms have a couple of different suggested semantics. One semantic is to make each dot represent one level. There have been many complaints about the difficulty of counting dots. Another option is to only allow one level of relative import. That misses a lot of functionality, and people still complained about missing the dot in the one-dot form. The final option is to define an algorithm for finding relative modules and packages; the objection here is "Explicit is better than implicit". * The next set of options is conflated from several posters: :: from __pkg__.__pkg__ import and :: from .__parent__.__parent__ import Many people (Guido included) think these look ugly, but they *are* clear and explicit. Overall, more people prefer ``__pkg__`` as the shorter option. * Finally, some people dislike the way you have to change ``import`` to ``from ... import`` when you want to dig inside a package. They suggest completely rewriting the ``import`` syntax: :: from MODULE import NAMES as RENAME searching HOW or :: import NAMES as RENAME from MODULE searching HOW [from NAMES] [in WHERE] import ... However, this most likely could not be implemented for Python 2.4 (too big a change), and allowing relative imports is sufficiently critical that we need something now (given that the standard ``import`` will change to absolute import). Open Issues =========== The BDFL needs to decide which of the various options for relative imports works best. Additional proposals are still welcome. As usual, Guido prefers reasons to histrionics. References ========== For more background, see the following python-dev threads: - `Re: Christmas Wishlist <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2003-December/040973.html>`_ - `Re: Python-Dev Digest, Vol 5, Issue 57 <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2003-December/041078.html>`_ - `Relative import <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2003-December/041065.html>`_ - `Another Strategy for Relative Import <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2003-December/041418.html>`_ Copyright ========= This document has been placed in the public domain. .. Local Variables: mode: indented-text indent-tabs-mode: nil sentence-end-double-space: t fill-column: 70 End:

12 19

RELEASED Python 2.3.3 (release candidate 1)
by Anthony Baxter 16 মার্চ, 2004

16 মার্চ, 2004

On behalf of the Python development team and the Python community, I'm happy to announce the release of Python 2.3.3 (release candidate 1). Python 2.3.3 is a bug-fix release of Python 2.3. A couple of serious bugs related to weakrefs and the cyclic garbage collector have been fixed, along with a number of bugs in the standard library. See the release notes on the web page for more details. For more information on Python 2.3.3c1, including download links for various platforms, release notes, and known issues, please see http://www.python.org/2.3.3 Highlights of this new release include: - A couple of serious bugs in the interactions of weakrefs and cyclic GC have been squashed. - At shutdown, the second call to the cyclic garbage collector has been removed. This caused more problems than it solved. - The xml.parsers.expat module now provides Expat 1.95.7. - urllib2's HTTP Digest Auth support works again. - See http://www.python.org/2.3.3/NEWS.html for other bugfixes. Highlights of the previous major Python release (2.3) are available from the Python 2.3 page, at http://www.python.org/2.3/highlights.html A final version of Python 2.3.3 should follow in a couple of weeks, just in time for your Christmas stockings. Enjoy the new release, Anthony Anthony Baxter anthony(a)python.org Python 2.3.x Release Manager (on behalf of the entire python-dev team)

8 10

Accumulation module
by Raymond Hettinger 19 ফেব্রুয়ারি, 2004

19 ফেব্রুয়ারি, 2004

I'm working a module with some accumulation/reduction/statistical formulas: average(iterable): stddev(iterable, sample=False) product(iterable) nlargest(iterable, n=1) nsmallest(iterable, n=1) The questions that have arisen so far are: * What to call the module * What else should be in it? * Is "sample" a good keyword to distinguish from population stddev? * There seems to be a speed/space choice on how to implement nlargest/nsmallest. The faster way lists out the entire iterable, heapifies it, and pops off the top n elements. The slower way is less memory intensive: build only a n-length heap and then just do a heapreplace when necessary. Note, heapq is used for both (I use operator.neg to swap between largest and smallest). * Is there a way to compute the standard deviation without multiple passes over the data (one to compute the mean and a second to sum the squares of the differences from the mean? Raymond Hettinger

14 14

Re: [Python-Dev] Pie-thon benchmark code ready
by Guido van Rossum 11 ফেব্রুয়ারি, 2004

11 ফেব্রুয়ারি, 2004

Dan reported a problem with the benchmark on Mac OS X: > > Hrm. On my OS X laptop: > > > > lir:~/Desktop/parrotbench dan$ python -O > > Python 2.3 (#1, Sep 13 2003, 00:49:11) > > [GCC 3.3 20030304 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 1495)] on darwin > > Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. > > >>> import b > > --> iteration 0 > > --> b0 > > Traceback (most recent call last): > > File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? > > File "b.py", line 12, in ? > > b0.main() > > File "b0.py", line 893, in main > > checkoutput(4201300315) > > File "b0.py", line 763, in checkoutput > > check(strhash(outputtext), n) > > File "b0.py", line 3, in check > > raise AssertionError("%.30r != %.30r" % (a, b)) > > AssertionError: 503203581L != 4201300315L > > >>> After some off-line email exchanges I think I have a fix for this behavior, which must have to do with a different length of the addresses shown in the default repr(), e.g. "<Foo object at 0xffff>". Version 1.0.1 of the benchmark is at the same place as before: ftp://python.org/pub/python/parrotbench/parrotbench.tgz (You can tell whether you have the fixed version by looking at first line of README.txt; if it says "Parrot benchmark 1.0.1" you do.) I haven't heard back from Dan, but I assume that the fix works. Happy New Year everyone! --Guido van Rossum (home page: http://www.python.org/~guido/)

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Allowing non-ASCII identifiers
by "Martin v. Löwis" 10 ফেব্রুয়ারি, 2004

10 ফেব্রুয়ারি, 2004

I'd like to work on adding support for non-ASCII characters in identifiers, using the following principles: 1. At run-time, identifiers are represented as Unicode objects unless they are pure ASCII. IOW, they are converted from the source encoding to Unicode objects in the process of parsing. 2. As a consequence of 1), all places there identifiers appear need to support Unicode objects (e.g. __dict__, __getattr__, etc) 3. Legal non-ASCII identifiers are what legal non-ASCII identifiers are in Java, except that Python may use a different version of the Unicode character database. Python would share the property that future versions allow more characters in identifiers than older versions. If you are too lazy too look up the Java definition, here is a rough overview: An identifier is "JavaLetter JavaLetterOrDigit*" JavaLetter is a character of the classes Lu, Ll, Lt, Lm, or Lo, or a currency symbol (for Python: excluding $), or a connecting punctuation character (which is unfortunately underspecified - will research the implementation). JavaLetterOrDigit is a JavaLetter, or a digit, a numeric letter, a combining mark, a non-spacing mark, or an ignorable control character. Does this need a PEP? Regards, Martin

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pyconfig.h macro usage
by Skip Montanaro 7 ফেব্রুয়ারি, 2004

7 ফেব্রুয়ারি, 2004

After Zacks message about configure.in cruft, I zapped the SIZEOF_CHAR macro and noticed it was never used in any .c files. So that got me to thinking (dangerous, I know)... What about: for macro in `egrep '#undef [_A-Z]' pyconfig.h.in \ | awk '{print $2}' \ | sort` do echo -n "$macro: " find . -name '*.[ch]' \ | egrep -v pyconfig \ | xargs egrep $macro \ | wc -l done \ | sort -n -k 2,2 Turns out there are quite a few macros defined in pyconfig.h that are unused: HAVE_DUP2 SIZEOF_FLOAT HAVE_GETPID SIZEOF_UINTPTR_T HAVE_LIBDL SIZEOF_WCHAR_T HAVE_LIBDLD SYS_SELECT_WITH_SYS_TIME HAVE_LIBIEEE TM_IN_SYS_TIME HAVE_LIBRESOLV WITH_DL_DLD HAVE_PTHREAD_INIT WITH_DYLD HAVE_STDARG_H WITH_LIBINTL HAVE_STRDUP _FILE_OFFSET_BITS HAVE_STRPTIME _LARGEFILE_SOURCE HAVE_ST_BLOCKS _MINIX HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H _NETBSD_SOURCE HAVE_TERMIOS_H _OSF_SOURCE HAVE_TIMEGM _POSIX_1_SOURCE HAVE_TM_ZONE _POSIX_C_SOURCE HAVE_TRUNCATE _POSIX_SOURCE HAVE_UCS4_TCL _REENTRANT RETSIGTYPE __BSD_VISIBLE SIZEOF_DOUBLE __EXTENSIONS__ Any votes for getting rid of them? Skip

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